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Hominid physiology and OIS 3 palaeoclimate
Aiello, Leslie; Collard, Mark; Wheeler, Peter; Davis, William (2001)
clipboard
mla
clipboard		 Aiello L., et al. "Hominid physiology and OIS 3 palaeoclimate.", timms video, Universität Tübingen (2001): https://timms.uni-tuebingen.de:443/tp/UT_20010411_001_evolution_0001. Accessed 23 Nov 2024.
apa
clipboard		 Aiello, L., Collard, M., Wheeler, P. & Davis, W. (2001). Hominid physiology and OIS 3 palaeoclimate. timms video: Universität Tübingen. Retrieved November 23, 2024 from the World Wide Web https://timms.uni-tuebingen.de:443/tp/UT_20010411_001_evolution_0001
harvard
clipboard		 Aiello, L., Collard, M., Wheeler, P. and Davis, W. (2001). Hominid physiology and OIS 3 palaeoclimate [Online video]. 11 April. Available at: https://timms.uni-tuebingen.de:443/tp/UT_20010411_001_evolution_0001 (Accessed: 23 November 2024).
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title: Hominid physiology and OIS 3 palaeoclimate
alt. title: Advances in the Study of Human Evolution and Dispersal
creators: Aiello, Leslie (author), Collard, Mark (author), Wheeler, Peter (author), Davis, William (author)
subjects: Palaeolithic archaeology, Geoarchaeology, Palaeoanthropology, Pleistocene, OIS-3, Oxygen Isotope Stage 3, Neanderthals, Upper Palaeolithic, Mousterian, Climate, Glacial Europe, Greenland ice cores, Palaeoenvironment, Leslie Aiello
description: International symposium at the University of Tübingen, Germany, 8th-12th April 2001. This symposium explores the relationship between environmental change and the key events in the evolution and dispersal of the human clade, from its origin around 5-8 Myr to the expansion of Homo sapiens across the globe between 100 Kyr and 15 Kyr.
abstract: Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (OIS-3) dates between 60,000 and 25,000 years ago and is the period that saw the entry of anatomically modern humans into Europe and the extinction of the Neanderthals. Ice cores from Greenland and the Antarctic have shown that the previously assumed relative mildness of the OIS-3 climate was in error. Rather it was a period of many abrupt alterations between relatively warm periods and cold intervals, which particularly toward the end of the period were as severe as the last glacial maximum. The international, multidisplinary Stage 3 Project headed by Professor Tjeerd Van Andel (University of Cambridge), was established in 1996 with its major aims 1) to determine to what degree the drastic climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores influence European landscapes, and 2) to determine the effect of the European stage 3 climate on Middle and Upper Palaeolithic human populations (htt;://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/oistage3/ Details/Homepage.html). The first step in this research was to model the climate and landscapes of a typically warm and a typically cold climate event in Europe and the adjacent North Atlantic between 45,000 and 30,000 years ago. These events center on 30,000 cal BP for the cold and 37-39 cal BP for the warm event in the chronology of the GISP2 Greenland ice core. The broader aims of the stage 3 project focus on the ways in which the climatic conditions and palaeoenvironments of mid-glacial Europe impact on Palaeolithic humans. Here we contribute to these broader aims by focusing on the thermoregulatory requirements of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans occupying Europe during both the warm and cold phases of OIS-3. A number of simulations are run based on inferred surface area to volume relationships for Neanderthals and modern humans, modern human rates of thermal conductance and various levels of insulation provided by fat layers, animal skins and tailored clothing. Results are tested against the known extremes of human climatic adaptation afforded by the native Americans of Tierra del Fuego. They suggest that both Neanderthals and modern humans would have been able to occupy Europe without undo difficultly during the warm phases of Stage 3 but would have had considerable difficultly during the cold phases. Cultural differences in protection against the elements may have been of utmost importance for survival during these phases, as would have occupation of areas of refuge in the environment. We are grateful to the Leverhulme and McDonald Trusts and to the many donors to the gift accounts of the Godwin Institute and the Earth Sciences Department, University of Cambridge for supporting the Stage 3 Project.
publisher: ZDV Universität Tübingen
contributors: Zentrum für Datenverarbeitung Universität Tübingen (producer), Conard, Nicholas John (organizer), Collard, Mark (organizer)
creation date: 2001-04-11
dc type: image
localtype: video
identifier: UT_20010411_001_evolution_0001
language: eng
rights: Url: https://timmsstatic.uni-tuebingen.de/jtimms/TimmsDisclaimer.html?638679454113713624